Introduction

The Ekansh Journal of Nursing, Public Health and Medical Science (EJNPH) welcomes scholarly manuscripts in nursing, public health, medical science, health education, healthcare practice, and related disciplines.

1. Types of Manuscripts

EJNPH considers the following types of manuscripts:

• Original Research Articles
• Review Articles
• Systematic Reviews
• Scoping Reviews
• Methodological Studies
• Brief Reports
• Case Reports and Case Series, where appropriate
• Other scholarly contributions relevant to the scope of the journal

2. General Submission Requirements

Authors should ensure that:

1. The manuscript is original and has not been published previously in whole or in substantial part.
2. The manuscript is not under consideration by another journal.
3. All listed authors have made a substantial contribution to the work and have approved the submitted manuscript.
4. All authors have approved the final version and agree to its submission to EJNPH.
5. The manuscript is prepared according to the journal's formatting and structural requirements.
6. All sources are appropriately cited and listed in the reference section.
7. Ethical approval is obtained and reported where required.
8. Informed consent is obtained and reported where applicable.
9. Conflicts of interest are disclosed.
10. Funding and financial support are declared.
11. Use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools is disclosed in accordance with the journal's AI Policy, where applicable.
12. The manuscript does not contain plagiarism, duplicate publication, fabricated data, falsified data, or other forms of research misconduct.

3. Structure of Original Research Articles

Original research articles should generally follow the IMRAD structure:

The manuscript should normally contain:

1. Title
2. Author Information
3. Abstract
4. Keywords
5. Introduction
6. Methods
7. Results
8. Discussion
9. Conclusion
10. Recommendations, where appropriate
11. Declarations
12. Acknowledgements, where applicable
13. References
14. Tables and Figures, where applicable

4. Title

The title should be concise, specific, informative, and relevant to the study. It should clearly indicate the main topic and, where appropriate, the study population or design.

Avoid unnecessary abbreviations and overly long titles.

5. Author Information

The manuscript should include:

• Full name of each author
• Highest academic qualification, where appropriate
• Department or institutional affiliation
• City, state/province, and country
• Email address of the corresponding author
• ORCID iD, where available

The corresponding author should be clearly identified.

6. Abstract

Original research articles should include a structured abstract with the following headings:

The abstract should briefly describe the research problem, objective, methods, principal findings, and conclusion. Where applicable, it should include the sample size and important statistical findings.

References, tables, figures, and unexplained abbreviations should not normally be included in the abstract.

7. Keywords

Provide 3–6 keywords immediately after the abstract.

Keywords should accurately represent the main concepts of the manuscript and should preferably use established scientific or health terminology.

8. Introduction

The Introduction should:

• Provide the background and context of the research problem.
• Explain the importance of the topic.
• Briefly summarize relevant previous evidence.
• Identify the research gap or problem.
• Explain the rationale for conducting the study.
• Clearly state the study objectives, research questions, or hypotheses, as appropriate.

The Introduction should be focused and should not contain extensive discussion of the study results.

9. Methods

The Methods section should provide sufficient information to understand how the study was conducted and, where appropriate, allow replication.

9.1 Study Design

Clearly state the research design, such as cross-sectional, descriptive, experimental, quasi-experimental, cohort, case-control, qualitative, mixed-methods, or other appropriate design.

9.2 Study Setting

State where and when the study was conducted.

9.3 Study Population

Describe the target and accessible population.

9.4 Sample Size and Sampling

Clearly report:

• Sample size
• Sampling technique
• Inclusion criteria
• Exclusion criteria
• Sample-size calculation or justification, where applicable

9.5 Data Collection Tools or Instruments

Describe each instrument used, including:

• Name or description
• Number of items, where applicable
• Domains or sections
• Scoring system
• Interpretation of scores
• Validity
• Reliability
• Whether the instrument was standardized, adapted, or self-developed

9.6 Data Collection Procedure

Describe how, when, where, and by whom the data were collected.

For intervention studies, provide details regarding:

• Intervention content
• Duration
• Number of sessions
• Mode of delivery
• Intervention provider
• Frequency and interval
• Control or comparison procedure
• Timing of outcome assessment

9.7 Ethical Considerations

The manuscript should state:

• Whether ethical approval was obtained
• Name of the ethics committee or institution, where applicable
• Approval/reference number, where available
• Informed consent procedure
• Measures taken to maintain confidentiality and privacy

Studies involving human participants should comply with applicable ethical requirements.

9.8 Statistical Analysis

State the statistical methods used for analysis.

Where applicable, report:

• Descriptive statistics
• Inferential statistics
• Statistical tests
• Significance level
• Confidence intervals
• Effect estimates
• Statistical software used

Statistical methods should be appropriate for the study design and type of data.

10. Results

The Results section should present the findings clearly and objectively.

Results should generally be presented in a logical order, beginning with participant or sample characteristics and followed by the primary and secondary findings.

Where appropriate, report:

• Frequencies and percentages
• Means and standard deviations
• Medians and ranges or interquartile ranges
• Effect estimates
• Confidence intervals
• p-values
• Relevant test statistics

Tables and figures may be used where they improve clarity. The same information should not be unnecessarily duplicated in the text, tables, and figures.

11. Discussion

The Discussion should interpret the findings rather than simply repeat the Results.

Authors should:

• Explain the principal findings.
• Compare findings with relevant previous studies.
• Discuss possible reasons for similarities or differences.
• Explain relevant implications for nursing, healthcare, education, research, or public health.
• Discuss strengths and limitations of the study.
• Avoid conclusions that are not supported by the study findings.

Authors should distinguish between findings directly supported by the study and broader interpretations or implications.

12. Conclusion

The Conclusion should provide a concise statement of the principal findings and their implications.

Conclusions must be supported by the study results and should not introduce new findings.

Authors should avoid exaggerated claims of effectiveness, causality, or generalizability when the study design does not support such conclusions.

13. Recommendations

Recommendations may be included where appropriate.

Recommendations should arise logically from the findings and may address clinical practice, nursing practice, public health practice, healthcare education, policy, or future research.

14. Declarations

Ethics Approval

State whether ethical approval was obtained and provide the name of the ethics committee or institution and approval number, where applicable.

Informed Consent

State whether informed consent was obtained from participants, where applicable.

Conflict of Interest

Authors should disclose any financial, professional, personal, or other relationships that could potentially influence the work.

If there is no conflict of interest, authors may state: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

All sources of financial support should be declared.

If no funding was received, authors may state: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author Contributions

Authors may briefly describe their individual contributions to the study and manuscript.

Data Availability

Where applicable, authors should state whether the data are available and under what conditions.

Acknowledgements

Individuals or organizations that contributed to the work but do not qualify for authorship may be acknowledged with their permission.

15. Tables

Tables should:

• Be numbered consecutively as Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc.
• Have a clear and informative title.
• Be referred to in the main text.
• Present information that is not unnecessarily duplicated in the text.
• Define abbreviations and symbols in table footnotes where necessary.
• Be editable whenever possible rather than submitted only as screenshots.

16. Figures and Illustrations

Figures should:

• Be numbered consecutively as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc.
• Have an appropriate title or legend.
• Be referred to in the main text.
• Be of adequate quality and resolution.
• Have appropriate permission where copyrighted material is reproduced.

Patient photographs or identifiable images should not be submitted without appropriate consent.

17. References

EJNPH recommends the Vancouver referencing style for biomedical and health-science manuscripts.

References should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they first appear in the text.

Authors should verify all references, including author names, article titles, journal names, volume, issue, pages, and DOI information where available.

Journal Article

Book

18. In-Text Citations

References should be cited in the text using consecutive Arabic numerals in square brackets according to Vancouver referencing style.

• Previous studies have reported similar findings [1,2].
• Similar results have been reported by other researchers [3].
• Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of educational interventions [4–6].
• Sharma et al. reported similar findings [7].

References should normally be numbered in the order in which they are first cited in the manuscript. The same reference should retain the same number throughout the manuscript.

19. Manuscript Formatting

Authors should prepare manuscripts using the following general requirements:

• Manuscript language: English
• File format: Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx)
• Use a clear and readable font.
• Use consistent formatting throughout the manuscript.
• Use page numbers.
• Use clear headings and subheadings.
• Number tables and figures consecutively.
• Use standard scientific terminology.
• Define abbreviations at first mention.
• Avoid unnecessary decorative formatting, text boxes, and graphics.

Authors should ensure that the manuscript is readable and professionally prepared.

20. Reporting Guidelines

Authors are encouraged to follow appropriate reporting guidelines according to the study design.

• CONSORT – Randomized controlled trials
• STROBE – Observational studies
• PRISMA – Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
• COREQ – Qualitative studies
• CARE – Case reports
• SQUIRE – Quality improvement studies
• SRQR – Qualitative or mixed-methods research

Where appropriate, authors may be asked to provide the relevant reporting checklist or supporting material during submission.

21. Originality and Duplicate Submission

Manuscripts submitted to EJNPH must be original.

Authors must not simultaneously submit the same manuscript to another journal.

A manuscript should not have been previously published in substantially the same form unless it represents a legitimate secondary publication that meets accepted publishing standards and is appropriately disclosed.

22. Plagiarism and Research Misconduct

EJNPH does not accept plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, inappropriate image manipulation, or other forms of research misconduct.

Submitted manuscripts may be screened for plagiarism or similarity and may undergo additional editorial assessment where concerns arise.

Where research misconduct is suspected, the journal may investigate the matter and take appropriate action in accordance with its publication ethics policies.

23. Authorship

All individuals listed as authors should have made a substantial contribution to the work and should be able to take responsibility for their contribution.

All authors must approve the final manuscript before submission.

Changes to authorship after submission should be justified and may require written approval from all affected authors.

24. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use

Authors should disclose the use of artificial intelligence tools in accordance with the EJNPH AI Policy.

AI tools should not be listed as authors.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and final content of the submitted manuscript, including content generated or assisted by AI tools.

AI tools must not be used to fabricate data, references, results, citations, images, or other research content.

25. Permissions and Copyright

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyrighted material, including figures, tables, photographs, instruments, or substantial portions of previously published material where permission is required.

Authors should ensure that all submitted material complies with applicable copyright and licensing requirements.

26. Submission Process

Manuscripts should be submitted electronically through the EJNPH online submission system.

Authors should provide all required information and files before completing the submission.

Depending on the manuscript type, the submission may require:

• Main manuscript file
• Title page or author information
• Tables and figures, where applicable
• Ethical approval information
• Consent documentation, where applicable
• Conflict-of-interest declaration
• Funding information
• Other supporting documents requested by the journal

27. Editorial Assessment and Peer Review

After submission, manuscripts undergo an initial editorial assessment for:

• Journal scope
• Originality
• Scientific quality
• Completeness
• Ethical compliance
• Basic manuscript requirements

Manuscripts considered suitable for external review are generally evaluated through double-anonymous peer review by at least two independent reviewers, in accordance with the journal's Peer Review Policy.

The final editorial decision may be:

• Accept
• Minor Revision
• Major Revision
• Reject

The journal reserves the right to reject manuscripts that do not meet its editorial, ethical, scientific, or formatting requirements.

28. Publication Charges

Any applicable publication or article processing charges are described separately in the journal's Publication Charges policy.

Authors should review the applicable charges before submission.

Payment of any applicable publication charge does not guarantee acceptance. Editorial and peer-review decisions are based on the scholarly and ethical assessment of the manuscript.

29. Corrections, Retractions, and Post-Publication Issues

EJNPH maintains procedures for handling corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern when necessary.

Authors should promptly notify the journal if they identify a significant error in their published work.

The journal's decisions and actions relating to corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern are governed by its relevant publication ethics policies.

30. Author Checklist Before Submission

Before submitting a manuscript, authors should confirm that:

• The manuscript fits the scope of EJNPH.
• The manuscript is original.
• The manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere.
• All authors have approved the final manuscript.
• The manuscript follows the appropriate structure.
• The abstract and keywords are included.
• Ethical approval is stated where applicable.
• Informed consent is stated where applicable.
• Conflict of interest is declared.
• Funding information is provided.
• AI use is disclosed where applicable.
• Tables and figures are appropriately numbered and cited.
• References are complete and follow Vancouver style.
• DOI information is included for references where available.
• Copyright permissions have been obtained where required.
• The manuscript has been checked for language, formatting, and typographical errors.